2-е сокровище из 1934 года на министра внутренних дел Мацумото Гаку

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The New Bureaucrats: “Flat Beer” Fascists?

In the early 1930s, Japanese authorities increasingly associated the threat of terrorism with fascism. And few officials were more concerned with the violent potential of political extremists than the members of the Home Ministry’s Keihokyoku 警保局 (Police Affairs Bureau). The leadership of the bureau during this period was in the hands of officials whom journalists labelled the “new bureaucrats.” For instance, Matsumoto Gaku took charge of the bureau immediately after the 15 May Incident of 1932,
overseeing the harsh suppression of communists and leading the ministry in its stand-off with the army in the so-called Go-Stop Incident that dragged on from June to November 1933.47 In his preface to the aforementioned report from January 1936, Matsumoto stressed the duty of the police to preserve public order by preventing violent extremism from the Left and the Right, identifying the former with “international communism” and the latter with the “intense nationalism-fascism”
(mōretsu-na kokkashugi-fuasshizumu 猛烈な国家主義―フアッシズム) of those men behind the assassinations perpetrated in the Ketsumeidan 血盟団 (Blood Pledge Corps) and 15 May Incidents. This statement also reflected the basic outlook of Matsumoto and his bureaucratic associates, which favored renovation of the status quo that would enhance bureaucratic autonomy at the expense of party power and counter the threat posed to the constitutional order by radical ideologies and political violence.
While socialist revolution constituted the primary threat from the radical Left, these officials associated fascism with the terrorism and coup plotting of the radical Right. Fears of сommunism and rumors of coup plotting, together with actual terrorist acts, contributed to the expansion of activism on the part of these officials, a development most notably revealed in the formation of the Kokuikai (National Mainstay Society).
 
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