Медаль свободы/Medal of Freedom

Igor Ostapenko

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вот такая, без веточки - самая распространённая
 

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Igor Ostapenko

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так эта награда представлена в Музее ордена Почётного Легиона
 

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JapanX

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Вот такие мне много меньше нравятся :wink3:

Medal-of-Freedom.jpg
 

JapanX

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Учреждена 6 июля 1945.
Вручалась до 22 февраля 1963 года.

Повторные награждения отмечались ботвой (пальмовая ветвь :blush2:)

Ботва была в

бронзе
серебре
золоте
 

JapanX

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Первое уложение на медаль

EXECUTIVE ORDER 9586

THE MEDAL OF FREEDOM

By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States and as Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows:

There is hereby established a medal to be known as the Medal of Freedom with accompanying ribbons and appurtenances for award to any person, not hereinafter specifically excluded, who, on or after December 7, 1941, has performed a meritorious act or service which has aided the United States in the prosecution of a war against an enemy or enemies and for which an award of another United States medal or decoration is considered inappropriate. The Medal of Freedom may also be awarded to any person, not hereinafter specifically excluded, who, on or after December 7, 1941, has similarly aided any nation engaged with the United States in the prosecution of a war against a common enemy or enemies.

The Medal of Freedom shall not be awarded to a citizen of the United States for any act or service performed within the continental limits of the United States or to a member of the armed forces of the United States.

The Medal of Freedom and appurtenances thereto shall be of appropriate design, approved by the Secretary of State, the Secretary of War, and the Secretary of the Navy, and may be awarded by the Secretary of State, the Secretary of War, or the Secretary of the Navy, or by such officers as the said Secretaries may respectively designate. Awards shall be made under such regulations as the said Secretaries shall severally prescribe and such regulations shall, insofar as practicable, be of uniform application.

No more than one Medal of Freedom shall be awarded to any one person, but for a subsequent act or service justifying such an award a suitable device may be awarded to be worn with the medal. The Medal of Freedom may be awarded posthumously.

HARRY S. TRUMAN
THE WHITE HOUSE,
July 6, 1945.
 

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Второе уложение на медаль

Executive Order 10336

Executive Order No. 9586 of July 6, 1945, establishing the Medal of Freedom, is hereby amended to read as follows:


By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States and as Commander in Chief of the armed forces of the United States, it is ordered as follows:

1. There is hereby established a medal to be known as the Medal of Freedom, with accompanying ribbons and appurtenances. The Medal and its appurtenances shall be of appropriate design, approved by the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense.

2. (a) The Medal of Freedom may be awarded to any person not hereinafter specifically excluded who, on or after December 7, 1941, has performed a meritorious act or service which (1) has aided the United States in the prosecution of a war against any enemy or enemies, (2) has aided any nation engaged with the United States in the prosecution of a war against a common enemy or enemies, or (3), during any period of national emergency declared by the President or the Congress to exist, has furthered the interests of the security of the United States or of any nation allied or associated with the United States during such period, and for which act or service the award of any other United States medal or decoration is concerned inappropriate.

2. (b) Under special circumstances, and without regard to the existence of a state of war or national emergency, the Medal of Freedom may also be awarded by, or at the direction of, the President to any person, not hereinafter specifically excluded, for performance of a meritorious act or service in the interests of the security of the United States.

3. The Medal of Freedom shall not be awarded to a citizen of the United States for any act or service performed within the continental limits of the United States or to a member of the armed forces of the United States.

4. The Medal of Freedom may be awarded by the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, or the Secretary of the Air Force, or by such officers as they may respectively designate. Awards shall be made under such regulations as the said Secretaries shall severally prescribe, and such regulations shall, so far as practicable, be of uniform application.

5. The head of any department or agency of the United States not named herein may recommend to the Secretary of Defense the award of the Medal of Freedom and appurtenances thereto for meritorious acts or services performed under the cognizance or direction of the head of such department or agency, and the Secretary of Defense may make such awards.

6. No more than one Medal of Freedom shall be awarded to any one person, but for a subsequent act or service justifying such an award a suitable device may be awarded to be worn with the medal.

7. The Medal of Freedom may be awarded posthumously.’’

Harry S. Truman
Harry_S._Truman_signature.png
The White House,
April 3, 1952.​
 

JapanX

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Вот такая расшифровка ботвы есть :wink3:
(но официальных уложений я не видел!)

до 3 апреля 1953 года

7-15 спасенных американцев = Medal without Palm device. (~4754 awarded)

16-35 спасенных американцев = Medal with Bronze Palm device. (~987 awarded)

36-75 спасенных американцев = Medal with Silver Palm device. (~350 awarded)

>75 спасенных американцев или четыре члена подпольной организации = Medal with Gold palm device. (~79 awarded)

после 3 апреля 1953 года пальмовая ветвь стала коррелировать статусу награжденному (напоминая этим Legion of Merit)

Medal without palm device = Bronze star
Medal with Bronze palm = Officer grade
Medal with Silver palm = Commander grade
Medal with Gold palm = Chief Commander grade
 

JapanX

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Добавим с бронзовой ботвой медальку и с оригинальным фрачником :wink3:
 

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Реверсы
 

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JapanX

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Вот такую ещё закинем
 

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JapanX

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Трогательная сцена вручения медали
 

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JapanX

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Честному труженику Peter Shardt с Southern Railway
 

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JapanX

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P.S. Ой :27:
Поглядел на дату создания темы, а она еще с декабря существует!
Как ты жил-то без меня, Игорь? :biggrin:

P.P.S. В музее всё врут! Никакие это не степени (grades), а просто упомянутые в статуте suitable devices, которые отмечают повторные acts or services :wink3:

:drinks:
 

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Принадлежала подполковнику A. G. Graham, Scottish Rifles (позже Pioneer Corps)

Наградной на медаль из London Gazette от 23 мая 1947.

‘Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Graham, M.C., Pioneer Corps, British Army, Allied Commission, Region Venezie: for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services in Italy from 23 September 1943 to 8 May 1945.

While serving with 46th Division, British Army, on the Garigliano River front in the winter of 1944, Lieutenant-Colonel Graham distinguished himself as a Civil Affairs Officer, in an area immediately under fire. He and one American enlisted man evacuated 350 civilians from the town of Rocci di Vandro, over a mule track covered with two feet of snow. It was an operation that required 14 hours, under continuous shell and mortar fire. The party which he evacuated included 14 stretcher cases, two typhus cases which died on the way out, and one woman who gave birth to a child during the progress of the operation. The evacuation was necessary for the improvement of the military situation and this officer, with great courage and fearlessness, overcoming almost insurmountable difficulties, made a contribution to the progress of the Allied Army that reflected great credit on the Allied Military Government organization, and the American Brigadier-General under whom he served.

With great poise and understanding, Lieutenant-Colonel Graham trained a number of American officers in the field, who later became outstanding members of the Allied Military Government organisation.

As Civil Affairs Officer of Tivoli, Lieutenant-Colonel Graham encountered one of the most difficult situations to be found in the wake of the advancing Army. There were 18,000 people living in caves, no food had come into the town for 14 days and there were 700 unburied dead in the town square. With energy and efficiency, he and his American associates set at once to the task of making the place inhabitable and preventing an epidemic of disease. Within an incredibly short time, order had been brought out of the chaos and the town restored to a point where the homeless were able to return.

Subsequently as Civil Affairs Officer he contributed in large measure to the restoration of the port of Civitavecchia, vastly important from a military standpoint. He also served efficiently as Commissioner for the provinces of Terni and Rovigo, where he restored industry, maintained order and administered an outstanding public welfare programme.

With deep understanding, wide experience, and personal generosity, Lieutenant-Colonel Graham was of inestimable value to the American officers attached to Allied Military Government. His service reflected great credit on the joint efforts of the British and American armies to administer the affairs of civilian Italy in such a way as to be of value to the military operations. Lieutenant-Colonel Graham originally entered the service from Glasgow, Scotland.’


О самом подполковнике

Alexander Gillespie Graham, a pre-war officer on the Special Reserve, first entered the French theatre of war as a Captain in the 6th Battalion, Cameronians in March 1915, which unit was decimated at Festubert that June, when it sustained 357 casualties in a bloody assault launched on the 15th – the Germans having taunted the Scotsmen by shouting across No Man’s Land “Come on, Jocks, we are waiting for you.”

At 5.57 p.m. that evening, in skeleton marching order, the 6th Battalion went over the top and swept towards the fully alerted Germans, the bombers and leading platoon reaching the opposing front trench before the first of many enemy bombardments started to take their toll. Ultimately, in the face of point-blank machine-gun fire, the Cameronian ranks started to dwindle. In the words of the regimental history, ‘nothing but grim determination to close with the enemy could have carried the men forward in the face of such massacre’. But close they did.

Although the enemy’s front trench was occupied by superior numbers, the assault never faltered. It was rushed and taken with the bayonet, the once confident Germans fleeing in terror. Some, it is said, pleaded for their lives with presents and money, but to no avail, the Scotsmen bayoneting and bombing their way down the communication trenches to the second line, which, before dark, had been taken. By now, just three officers were left standing.

Meanwhile, as a result of the failure of a neighbouring attack by 7th Division, the Cameronians were left exposed on their left flank, and when this shortcoming was compounded by the failure of G.H.Q. to send in reinforcements, the Battalion’s position became perilous in the extreme. While on their right, the 1/4th Loyal North Lancashires had been ordered to retire by midnight, thereby leaving the Scotsmen as sole inhabitants of the recently captured ground – unbeknown to this gallant party of survivors, they, too, were meant to have been withdrawn, but the order never reached them, and it was not until 4 a.m. that a few ranks were able to get back to our lines.

Among the wounded was Graham, though only slightly so, for, as revealed by the relevant war diary, he rejoined his unit from hospital 24 hours later and assumed command ‘of what remained of the Battalion.’ Mentioned in Sir John French’s despatch that October (London Gazette 1 January 1916 refers), by which date he was a Temporary Major, Graham was awarded the M.C.

Recalled on the renewal of hostilities in September 1939, he was granted an Emergency Commission in the Pioneer Corps and, as cited above, was awarded the American Medal of Freedom for his gallant and distinguished services in Italy 1943-45, in addition to winning a “mention” (London Gazette 23 May 1946 refers). Later still, as evidenced by his Africa General Service Medal, he volunteered for service as Special Constable in the Mau Mau troubles in Kenya.
 

Igor Ostapenko

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как дипломатично написали - " ... Mau Mau troubles in Kenya ." :biggrin: :45:
 

JapanX

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Troubles включали в себя

"assault by beating up and burning of two Africans during screening [interrogation]", "murder by beating up and roasting alive of one African", etc.

В общем, поподавляли маленько :blush2:
 

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Ещё один британский подполковник и ещё одна "свобода"

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